In last article we have mentioned that how Delhi sultanate came into power from 1206 to 1526 The first dynasty in this sequence was the slave dynasty and they second dynasty is Khilji Dynasty so in this article you will learn about Khilji empire so please read the complete article of Knowledgeneed
Khilji empire did not ruled for longer it only ruled for 30 years from 1290 to 1320 but in this period a well knowing and most important emperor comes into power whose name was Alauddin Khilji and he did many good and bad things alauddin Khilji is as important in Khilji dynasty as engine in a car
Khilji dynasty rulers
Jalaluddin firuz Khilji
He was the founder of this dynasty and he was very old when he founded it in 1290 Ad at that time he was 70 years old and its said that he was the oldest ruler in history of Delhi sultanate, In old age he wanted to live peacefully that is why he got his coronation done in the fort of Kilokhari which was situated Delhi
Jalaluddin firuz Khilji had a nephew whose name was Alauddin Khilji and his father name was Shihabuddin Masud khilji alauddin was his eldest son and its said that alauddin's father was died in early age so that Alauddin was brought up by his uncle Jalaluddin firuz
In 1296 Jalaluddin Khilji sent Alauddin Khilji for the expedition to the south as the region of North India had already been expanded but the Sultanate had not started in the region of South, In such a situation Alauddin Khilji was the first person who tried to extend the boundaries of the Sultanate to Southern India
Alauddin Khilji expedited in the Devagiri region where Yadavas dynasty was ruling and ruler was Ramachandra and Alauddin conquered that too and received immense wealth out of which he hid some money without telling Jalaluddin
And when he has returned from the expedition he thinks that I am worthy to be king, not my old uncle
The result is that he killed his uncle Jalaluddin by deceit and becomes king himself
Alauddin Khilji
His reign lasted from 1296 to 1316 for 20 years and these 20 years was very important for this dynasty
As we have mentioned that Alauddin Khilji was nephew of Jalaluddin firuz Khilji along with this its also believe that Jalaluddin was father in law of alauddin because alauddin was married with his uncle's daughter because Alauddin's initial behaviour was very good and alauddin Khilji's real name was Ali Gurshasp
But when he came into power he started to do new experiments in different areas
Principle of kingship
As we told you in the article of Slave Dynasty that all the sultan of earlier had to take the permission of the Caliphate and they had to rule according to Islamic tradition but he was the first king who said religion and politics will be separate
He never worked according to Islamic tradition he had separated tradition from politics and said i will do whatever will be good for my reign Religion has nothing to do with this
He did not took the permission from Caliphate for to be a sultan and said that I'm the king of this empire i don't need to take permission from any caliphate I'm the king i know it
He established an autocratic rule during his reign under which he used to more care of his reign than his people and that was same like Balban's autocratic rule
Attempts to quell the rebellion
As we have mentioned that alauddin Khilji killed his uncle who brought up him since childhood with love and care also he was father in law of alauddin because he had killed his uncle so many of his close people and his family members were upset so they used to rebellion against alauddin Khilji which he did not used to like So there were 4 rebellions took place in his time
He suppressed the rebellion on the strength of his army and said that we will not allow further rebellion that is why he issued 4 ordinances
Land given in donations, gifts, pensions was taken back - He took the land in his control so that the land of the big capitalists went away from them and by which they could not do the rebellion again
A good intelligence department was established - He knew that rebels could makes strategies against him so If his people roam in disguise from place to place then he could know about those who rebel so that he could end rebellion easily Due to this no further revolt could take place
Banned on alcohol, cannabis and gambling - He used to think that when rich people gathered so they use alcohol, cannabis and do gambling while doing that they makes strategies against the king so rich could not gather he banned these things completely
Ban on wealthy people's marriage - When rich people used to get married they used to gather many people at their feast and used to do meetings due to which Alauddin Khilji felt that they could discuss to remove him from his throne so that is why he banned on feast and two rich people's marriage to secure his throne
Imposed tax on Hindus - he used to think that hindu can also do rebel against him so that is why he took all the land from them and make them poor so that they could not stands against their king
So these were his ordinance against rebellion
Changes in revenue and tax system
At that time Mongol invasion of western border region of India was underway So to face Mongol or to make the empire strong he needed money for both
Increase the tax - It is believed that before alauddin Khilji farmer and rich people had to pay One third out of their income but in Khilji time they had to pay 50% of their income
He imposed two new taxes charai and ghari
Charai - Whose animals used to graze in the fields tax was collected from their owners
Ghari - The places where people used to build houses were taxed for living in those houses
He measured all the land around Delhi and then imposed tax on it so that he could get decent amount of tax
He created a new post to collect revenue named Mustakhraj he was an officer whose job was to collect revenue to collect this revenue he created a separate department named Diwan-i-mustakhraj
The result of this revenue system was that a lot of wealth started accumulating with the king due to which he not only pushed the Mongol back but also established a strong India
Military reform
He became king at a time when the public and his own were against him so in such a situation he always felt that if he does not have a strong army then perhaps he could not be able to rule well that is why he made some military reforms
Permanent Army - Earlier kings used to use army in just war and after the war ended they used to give them salary or land and send them home but it was the first time when he established the permanent army
Cash in salary - He stopped old tradition like earlier kings used to give soldiers Land or salary after war he started a new rule in which he used to give them cash every month due to which his soldiers were also happy and his army also became stronger and he was the first king in Indian history who started this
Soldiers Identification - As in modern world Photographs or finger prints of soldiers are taken so that they can be identified so at that time he also started the practice of detecting Soldiers for the first time in India
Horses identification - Horses that were included in the army the practice of marking those horses was also introduced so that the number of horses and breed can be better identified
The tradition that he started to identifying soldiers and horses was really good so now it can be said that he was successful to build a strong army because he had also divided the army in battalion It is said that on the strength of this army he had conquered many empires
Market system
The most important act he did about the market system is that there was a market for the soldiers where they could get everything at a reasonable price due to which soldiers did not used to demand to increase salary he established that market only for forces but gradually public also started coming in that market
Spacial thing about that market was that during the 20 years of Alauddin's reign there was no increase in prices in the market He Never allowed any price to increase so he made some rules he stopped Black money and sometimes he used to stop import and export
He strongly implemented the price control system
He prevented dishonesty in measurement - Earlier if there was no increase in the price of something so people used to do dishonesty in measurement he took stern steps to prevent the dishonesty there were officials in the market who used to pay attention to measurement weights
It is said that if anything was weighed less by a person so in return the same body fat was weighed and cut from his body, Due to this harshness honesty was increased in people dishonesty was decreased
He had made different markets for different things
Food market
Manufactured market
Daily market
Market for daily commodities
Market for animals and slaves
So these were 4 types of market Originally this system was implemented only in Delhi and its surrounding areas he failed to expand it throughout the empire Because his empire was spread over a large area
Two Objective
Sikandar i sani - He tried to see himself as a winner so that is why he also assumed the title of Sikandar-i-sani which means second Alexander
Establishment of new religion - He also wanted to create a new religion instead of Islam but he was failed to create it
These both objectives were failed
Empire expansion
As a winner he attacked and he undertook many expedition in the areas of Gujarat, Ranthambore, Bengal, chittod, Malwa and some more part of southern India and he won mostly expedition so that he was successful in establishing a great empire
Gujarat
When he went to Gujrat for expedition so he got Malik Kafur from the king of Gujrat "Karna" and Malik kafur was bought in thousand dinars also he was a eunuch but he helped alauddin Khilji to win southern part of India
Zafar Khan - He was the most loved general of Alauddin Khilji and he was killed while fighting mongol
Padmavati - When Alauddin Khilji attacked Chittor at that time Queen Padmavati was the wife of King Ratan Singh It is said that Alauddin wanted to see or achieve her unfortunately there is not much information about this story in history
The information about padmavati comes from a book named Padmavat which was written in 1540 by Malik Muhammad Jayasi and he has described in this book that how Alauddin Khilji expedition in Chittor region and tried to get queen Padmavati
But he failed because Rani Padmavati committed (Jauhar) suicide
Expedition in southern India
The expedition of South India is the most important expedition Alauddin Khilji himself expedition for the first time in 1296 in South India But after becoming a king he had sent his general Malik Kafur in the expedition of South India in 1307
In 1307 malik kafur attacked on Yadavas dynasty and defeated yadav king Ramchandra and got wealth from there apart from this he won by attacking in many more areas
Mongol
At the time of alauddin Khilji Mongol invaders attacked on India for 6 time but they were failed and alauddin Khilji was successful every time to save his empire
Shihabuddin Omar
After alauddin Khilji Omar become the ruler for few time but not for long
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
As we mentioned that omar could not rule for a long time so Mubarak shah came into power who ruled fron 1316 to 1320 unfortunately Mubarak shah was not able to handle this empire it is said that he himself declared as Sultan and Caliphate and started to rule
It is also said about him that Mubarak was not good at mental level because sometimes he used to walk around in the palace naked and sometimes wearing women's clothes that is why he was unable to handle the empire
Naseeruddin khusrau shah
After the murder of Mubarak Shah, khusrau Khan assumed the title of Naseeruddin khusrau shah in 1320 for few months he was a hindu but after later he became a Muslim
Rich Muslim used to say that islam could be in dangerous because of Naseeruddin khusrau shah so that is why they removed him from the throne and established tughlaq dynasty
Khilji dynasty Architecture
Alai darwaza
Jamait khana mosque
Siri fort
Place of thousand pillars
Khilji dynasty map
Khilji dynasty UPSC
Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji killed which last ruler of the Ghulam dynasty and laid the foundation of the Khilji dynasty in 1290 ?
Shamsuddin Kayumars
Where did Alauddin Khilji launch the first military expedition in southern India during the reign of Jalaluddin Feroz Khilji ?
Devagiri
Who was the first ruler of Delhi Sultanate who had a liberal attitude towards the Hindu people ?
Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji
Who was crushed under the elephant's feet during Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji?
Sidi Maula
At the time of which Sultan 2000 Mongols accepted Islam and settled in Mughalpur near Delhi which are called New Muslims?
Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji
Where did Alauddin Khilji get his coronation ?
In the Lal Mahal of Balban in Delhi
What was the new victory of Alauddin Khilji and after that victory what did he name the city ?
Victory of Chittor and renamed as Khizrabad
Which was the state in Southern India that neither accepted nor surrendered Alauddin Khilji ?
Pandya
Which Sultan of Delhi Sultanate assumed the title of Alexander II and got it inscribed on his coins ?
Alauddin Khilji
Amir Khusro witnessed the rule of how many rulers of the Sultanate period
8
Which officers were appointed by Allauddin Khilji for market control
diwan i riyasat, Shahna I Mandi, Badir i Mandi
Which Sultan of the Khilji empire accepted his position from the Caliphate
No one
Who propounded the rule of kingship of Alauddin Khilji
Amir Khusrow
Who led the expedition of Allauddin Khilji's Jalore expedition which was against Kanhaddev
Slave Gulle Bihisht
Which commander of Alauddin Khilji is also called Thousand Dinari
Malik Kafur
After becoming Sultan Allauddin Khilji's first military expedition was
Gujarat invasion 1299
Who was the commander of Allauddin Khilji against the Mongol invaders
Zafar Khan
Who established the department called diwan i wakuf
Jalaluddin Khilji
During whose time did the first Muslim invasion of South India took place
Jalaluddin Khilji
Which ruler said that he considers the cost of 1 hair of a Muslim's head more than 100 KG
Jalaluddin Khilji during the Ranthambore expedition
Khilji dynasty notes
• Market Regulation System was introduced by Alauddin Khilji
• The largest permanent army of Sultan dynasty which was directly paid by the state was formed by Alauddin Khilji
• Alauddin Khilji was the Sultan who called himself the second Sultan
• During the reign of Alauddin Khilji the Mongols attacked the most
• Khilji Sultans of Delhi were Turk
• Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji was the last ruler of the Khilji empire
• Alauddin Khilji also assumed the title of caliphate
• Tarikh i firoz shahi was written by Ziauddin Barni
• Alai Darwaza and palace of a thousand pillars was built by Alauddin Khilji
• Alauddin Khilji started the practice of marking horses and identifying soldiers
• Sultan Alauddin Khilji's childhood name was Ali Gurshasp
• Julaluddin Firoz Khilji established the Khilji empire by ending the rule of slave dynasty
• Jalaluddin Khalji was the founder of Khilji empire
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